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Functions:
| atan2(x,y) | arctangent of x/y in radians | |||||||||||||||||||
| cos(expr) | cosine of expr | |||||||||||||||||||
| exp(expr) | exponential of expr | |||||||||||||||||||
| gsub(regular-expression, string1, string2) | substitute string1 for all instances of regular-expression in string2. If string2 is not specified, use the current record $0. | |||||||||||||||||||
| index(string1, string2) | return the position of string1 in string2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| int(expr) | integer value of expr | |||||||||||||||||||
| length(string) | return the length of string | |||||||||||||||||||
| log(expr) | natural logarithm of expr | |||||||||||||||||||
| match(string, regular-expression) | return the position in string where regular-expression occurs. If not found, return 0. RSTART is set to the starting position, and RLENGTH is set to the length of string. | |||||||||||||||||||
| rand() | random number between 0 and 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| sin(expr) | sine of expr in radians | |||||||||||||||||||
| split(string, array) | split string into array using $FS
| split(string, array, fs)
| split string into array using fs as separator
| sprintf(format, expr)
| format expr according to the printf format
| sqrt(expr)
| square root of expr
| srand()
| new seed for rand (current time)
| srand(expr)
| set the seed for rand to expr
| sub(regular-expression, string1, string2)
| substitute string1 for the first instance of regular-expression in string2. If string2 not specified, use the current record $0.
| substr(string, x)
| return the suffix of string starting at position x
| substr(string, x, n)
| return n character substring of string starting at position x
| function name(args,...) {statements}
| func name(args,...) {statements} name (expr, expr, . . .)
| define a function name
| |
Operators:
| =, +=, –=, *=, /=, %=, ^= | assignment operators |
| ?: | conditional expression |
| ||, &&, ! | logical OR, logical AND, logical NOT |
| ~, !~ | regular expression match/do not match |
| <, <=, >, >=, !=, == | relational operators |
| +, – | add, subtract |
| *, /, % | multiple, divide, modulo |
| +, – | unary plus, unary minus |
| ^ | exponentiation |
| ++, -- | increment, decrement |
Variables:
| ARGC | number of command-line arguments |
| ARGV | array of command-line arguments |
| FILENAME | current input file |
| FNR | record number in current input file |
| FS | input field separator (default blank and tab) |
| NF | number of fields in the current record |
| NR | number of current record |
| OFMT | output format for numbers (default %g) |
| OFS | output field separator (default blank) |
| ORS | output record separator (default newline) |
| RLENGTH | length of string matched by match() |
| RS | contains the input record separator (default newline) |
| RSTART | index of first character matched by match() |
| SUBSEP | subscript separator (default \034) |
| $0 | current input record |
| $n | nth input field of current record |
cut - Display File Fields
$cut –clist [ files ]
$cut –flist [ –dc ] [ –s ] [ files ]
Description:
The cut command displays fields from lines in the specified files. The fields can be of fixed or variable length.
Options:
| –clist | display characters from the positions in list |
| –dc | set field delimiter to c (default tab) |
| –flist | display fields specified in list |
| –s | suppress lines with no delimiter characters |
| files | read standard input if files are –, or no files are specified |
| list | comma separated list of integer field numbers; integers separated with a – indicate a range |
echo - Display Arguments
$/bin/echo arguments
Description:
The /bin/echo command displays arguments on standard output. Special escape characters can be used to format arguments.
Escape Characters:
| \b | backspace |
| \c | line without ending newline |
| \f | formfeed |
| \n | newline |
| \r | carriage return |
| \t | tab |
| \v | vertical tab |
| \\ | backslash |
| \0x | character whose octal value is x |
egrep - Search Files for Patterns
$egrep [ options ] 'expression' [ files ]
Description:
The egrep command displays lines in files that contain the given full regular expression pattern.
Options:
| –b | precede each line with the block number |
| –c | display only the number of lines that match |
| –e –expression | search for expression that begins with “–” |
| –f file | get expressions from file |
| –i | ignore case of letters during comparisons |
| –l | display file names with matching lines once |
| –n | display the output with line numbers |
| –v | display non-matching lines |
| files | read standard input if no files are specified |
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